Crowds at The Wall photo by Ed O’Connell.
Love how Ed’s lens flattens miles of beach behind these guys. To all the photo experts — tell me again how this “shortening” is done (those houses are way back from the people in the water) ?
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Depth of field!
http://www.ephotozine.com/article/Depthoffield-explained-4631
“Summary
Overall, the practical use of depth-of-field can be summed up as follows:
To maximise depth-of-field and have as much sharp as possible use a wide-angle lens, set a small aperture and stand back from your subject
To minimise depth-of-field with only a small zone of the scene sharp use a telephoto lens, set a large aperture, and get closer to your subject.”
The foreshortening effect you see is a by-product of using a very “long” telephoto, such as a 400mm. The same effect accounts for those photos with the rising or setting Moon or Sun looking huge when compared to Earth-bound objects like house or trees.